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He used the model to explain the emotional attraction he felt for certain men who came into his life, like the Canadian woodcutter Alek Therian, whom Thoreau would encounter in his walks around Walden Pond. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), the author of Walden, took Emerson's loft model of platonic love as his own. The lesson of this special bond was clearly reflected in his mature writings: In 1822 Emerson wrote, "It is with difficulty that I can now recall those sensations of vivid pleasure which his presence was wont to waken spontaneously." Gay haunted Emerson's thoughts for over two years.
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Though he later excised portions of the text, Emerson's 1821 journal is full of statements of affection for Gay, as well as a "memory sketch" portrait. I shall endeavor to become acquainted with him and wish if possible that I might be able to recall at a future period the singular sensations which his presence produced at this." He has a great deal of character in his features & should a fast friend or a bitter enemy. "There is a strange face in the Freshman class whom I should like to know very much. As a student at Harvard, Emerson's attention was drawn to a young student, Martin Gay:
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Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was one of the most influential American thinkers of the nineteenth century as an essayist, poet and lecturer, he philosophized about the relationship between man and God, and was a leader of the transcendental movement. But that which is worse, even sodomy and buggery (Things fearful to name) have broke forth in this land oftener than once."īradford on Morton's Merrymount: "They also set up a Maypole, drinking and dancing about it many days together, inviting the Indian women for their consorts, dancing and frisking together like so many fairies, or furies, rather and worse practices." According to William Bradford, Morton also established a "School of Atheism," which was a word employed by other writers of the period to imply sodomy.īradford wrote in 1642: "Marvelous it may be to see and consider how some kind of wickedness did grow and break forth here. To the displeasure of the authorities, Morton revived the "pagan " practice of Maypole dancing in 1637, and set himself up as the "Lord of Misrule," a comic Renaissance master of ceremonies. He sometimes called his colony "Mary-mount" or "Mare-mount," playing on connotations of sodomy, buggery, and, possibly, Catholicism, in order to shock the Puritans. In the late 1620s, Thomas Morton founded his own colony on a site he dubbed "Merrymount" at Wollaston in present-day Quincy. The apprehension of your love and worth together hath overcome my heart, and removed the veil of modesty, that I must needs tell you, my soul is knit to you, as the soul of Jonathan to David: were I now with you, I should bedew that sweet bosom with the tears of affection." "I loved you truly before I could think that you took any notice of me: but now I embrace you and rest in your love: and delight to solace my first thoughts in these sweet affections of so dear a friend. Letter from John Winthrop to William Springe, 8 February 1630: Later, however, Winthrop supported the execution for sodomy of William Plaine of Guilford when approached by the leadership of New Haven Colony. On the one hand, he felt comfortable declaring his love for Sir William Springe prior to his sailing to North America. Perhaps one of the best examples of this ambivalence over same-sex love comes from John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Questions were rarely raised unless such relationships subverted the social order through favoritism toward a servant or through undue influence over a social superior. Custom allowed men to express love for one another openly - even to become "bedfellows" - without the accusation of sodomy. A number of historians have pointed to growing confusion in the early 17th-century over the meaning of "masculine" friendships.